Many applications have scaling, or zoom-in, zoom-out features of some kind. Acrobat reader, Word, Graphics programs, etc. We have these great Skin and Theme features in ASP.NET 2.0 but not so in Windows forms. You can enable XP visual styles though, check out this Help article:
ms-help://MS.VSCC.v80/MS.MSDN.v80/MS.VSADD.v10.en/dv_vstechart/html/vbtchUsingWindowsXPVisualStylesWithControlsOnWindowsForms.htm
While trying to determine a good design approach to creating a skin-able windows app I stumbled across some odd behavior which I assumed must be a bug:
- Create a windows forms app and throw some controls on it. Leave everything the default size/font/color since I am going to apply a skin to it anyway.
- At runtime, change the font to the "skin" font.
- If the design-time font was good ole MS sans-serif 8.25pt and I assigned a font with a different size (Verdana, 12pt) the form would suddenly get tremendously larger.
My forms extend from a BaseForm, so this must be a Visual Ineritence bug, I thought, and the client decided not to spend $$ on the skinable feature just yet anyway. When a request came in to allow parts of the application to Scale via zoom-in, zoom-out, I came back to this. My odd resizing forms are exhibiting behavior as designed.
ScaleMode
Windows Forms in .Net 2.0 are designed to automatically scale under one of two events: the Font assigned to the form changes, or the screen resolution changes. There is an AutoScaleMode property on a Form, with the enumerated values being
It seems I could find my way through this in order to meet my scaling requirement and also revisit the Skin feature in future. A Form keeps track of what dimensions it was designed to regardless of other resizing and such. This is stored in the AutoScaleDimensions property. From the set_Font method of a Form, the Scale and ultimately ScaleControl methods will be called. These can be overridden to alter scaling behavior, or just observed to determine how to manipulate scaling. So, I have an MDI application and the area I want to scale will be contained in a "ScalableForm" like so:
Now, a simple way to give the user the ability to zoom out, I create a simple ScaleData class.
public class ScaleData
{
public ScaleData(float size, string desc)
{
_fontSize = size;
_display = desc;
}
private float _fontSize;
public float FontSize
{
get { return _fontSize; }
set { _fontSize = value; }
}
private string _display;
public string Display
{
get { return _display; }
set { _display = value; }
}
}
... and populate some scale values in the ScalableForm constructor:
public ScalableForm()
{
InitializeComponent();
ScaleSizes = new List<ScaleData>();
ScaleSizes.Add(new ScaleData(this.Font.Size / 2f, "50%"));
ScaleSizes.Add(new ScaleData(this.Font.Size, "100%"));//This will be the design-time size
ScaleSizes.Add(new ScaleData(this.Font.Size * 2f, "200%"));
...
There is certainly no need to pre-calculate a limited set of zoom values but it removes the need for calculations later to get back to 100% . Now I provide a menu item that will scale the currently active child Form and the code is very simple:
private void toolStripMenuItem2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
_scale.Font = new Font(_scale.Font.FontFamily,_scale.ScaleSizes[0].FontSize);
}
So telling it to zoom to 50% looks like:
A couple of other things bear mentioning. Note that "a bunch of text in a label" appears the same size in both cases , although the Location of the Label was scaled down. By default the ScaleChildren called from ContainerControl will not scale controls set to be automatically sized, so in this case I would need to tell my label not to auto size itself. Also, the documentation for scaling claims you can have a control on this form not ever scale itself by extending a control class and providing the following:
public class UnscalableComboBox : ComboBox
{
protected override void SetBoundsCore(int x, int y, int width, int height, BoundsSpecified specified)
{
base.SetBoundsCore(x, y, 121, 21, BoundsSpecified.None);
}
}
However, neither this, not setting Locked=true, not setting MaximumSize and MinimumSize would stop a control from being scaled when I changed the font. For now I put the scaling function in the menu (rather than a combo box on this form somewhere) but will continue to investigate this feature as I work on this project.